1. Disturbance : All the trees are cut down and all that is left is dirt
2. Pioneer Species : Fast-growing annual plants, weeds, and grasses rapidly colonize the area, thriving in full sunlight.
3. Shrubs/Young Trees: Perennial grasses, shrubs.
4. Mature Forest: Trees grow taller, small organisms like frogs or lizards come back.
5. Stabilization: The ecosystem is more stable, the sulu hornbills move in.